Frequency- Division Multiplexing

- Kaushini Ekanayake ☺ BSc (Hons) in IT (Reading) 

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a technique which uses in analog systems. FDM also transmitting N number of signals by connecting as a single channel or a line. In this technique, the available bandwidth of the single transmitting channel divides into sub-channels or assigned as different frequency ranges. Simply it divides the bandwidth to different devices for different frequencies. But the size of the channel part is the same. That’s why this method is called FDM. This FDM is known as the opposite part of TDM. We can’t use FDM to the frequencies which transmit through fiber optic cables. In FDM, there is an appropriate frequency gap between two adjacent devices or frequency signals. By using this avoid the signal over-lapping. Not only that FDM is decreased the collision by transmitting signals in allocated time slots.

FDM Transmitters

The above explanations explain what it means by Multiplexing and in FDM transmitting signals over a communication channel by dividing into different frequencies. All the above diagrams show that clearly. In here for multiplex use frequency modulation as amplitude modulation. These frequency modulates modulate the signals and then combine using a linear adder or a mixer, forming all signals as a composite signal which transmitted over one single channel. The above diagram explains that clearly.

FDM Receivers

When several numbers of signals combine as one signal channel by using a frequency modulator it called a compatible signal and it's received by the FDM receiver and each signal passes through Band Pass Filters (BPF). These BPFs accept the signals which match with the frequency of the carrier signal and ignore all other channels. Then the signals which filter through the BPF are going through the Demodulator and it separates the originals signal from the carrier signal. Figure 6 is to figure out this process.  To avoid overlapping two successive channels FDM is used Guard Bands. 

Uses of Frequency-Division Multiplexing

FDM is the multiplexing method which multiplexes N number of signal channels depend on the frequency division technique. In the twentieth century, this FDM is used often but when turning into the 21st century it was replaced with TDM.

FDM has many applications in the real world.

Stereo FM transmissions use this technique because FM transmission use preceding modulated signals into another signal with higher frequency and the bandwidth for identifying separate signals to the left and right channels.

Television channel transmission also uses FDM. In TV channels signals are divide into various sub-channels for sound, video, and color. In here for that subcarriers, they divide one signal communication medium.

DSL transmissions also use various frequencies for the sounds, Downstream and upstream data transmissions. 

Advantages of FDM 

 FDM is a simple technique.

 FDM technique is easy to demodulate.

 FDM is used for analog signals.

 N number of signals can send at once.

 FDM does not require any synchronization between an origin and destination.

 Channels only get affected in order to slow the narrow band. Other times it will transmit signals without effect.

Disadvantages of FDM 

 It can’t use when the high-seed channels are required.

 It is mainly suffering from the cross-talk

 For FDM it needs a large number of modulators to modulate the signals.

 In FDM it occurs intermodulation distortion.

 For FDM it requires high bandwidth channels for its transmission.

THE END!

References 

👉"Techopedia," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/7153/frequency-division-multiplexing-fdm. [Accessed 22 August 2019].

👉"GeeksforGeeks," [Online]. Available: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/frequency-division-and-time-division-multiplexing/. [Accessed 22 August 2019].

👉V. Sivabalan, "Study.com," [Online]. Available: https://study.com/academy/lesson/frequency-division-multiplexing-advantages-examples.html. [Accessed 22 August 2019].

👉"Polytechnic Hub," Semiconductor for You, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.polytechnichub.com/advantages-disadvantages-applications-frequency-division-multiplexing-fdm/. [Accessed 24 August 2019].

How to manage stressful life as an IT professional.

How to manage stressful life as an IT professional. 

-Kaushini Ekanayake (undergraduate of BSc (hons) in IT)-

IT professional is the person who has the most stressful life, because of their work load.  They have to engage with the customers requirements , technical requirements & issues and all when they work as a IT professional. It no matter whether he/she is software engineer, software developer, designer, project manager, programmer or any other status , they have stressful life. That's why most people says  "PROGRAMMER HAS NO LIFE". but that's not the thing, they want a life, they are also people. Only one different is they are always with full of work and they are usually deal with computers. So some times they automatically tend to think they are robots. But that's not the truth. They also have feelings, they also need life. Some times, when they can't manage their stressful life they tend to suicides, ignore people, ignore family life and cases spread up to divorce and so many. But they need to have successful social life and professional life too. 

Then WHAT TO DO FOR THAT?

As an IT professional for manage that we can use PSYCHOLOGY techniques. Now we can see how to use psychology for manage stressful life.

What is psychology ; 

Psychology is a scientific study of Human MIND and BEHAVIOR . Basically psychology is depends on mind and human behavior. IT professionals also instigate their mind for their usual works. Therefore there is a close relationship between psychology and information Technology. As well as IT professionals have to work with the society and if they have any idea about psychology, they can manage their customers well. 

How we can use psychology as a IT professional :

Lets point out what are the problems we can manage through using psychology.

*Build the personality.

 

 Basically personality is a image that other people make for us by using, How other people see us and how we behave in society. Thus, if we have good social Thinking Influence and Relations then society decide that we have a good personality. If it is not then we labeled as a person who with week personality. Personality is the most important thing as a IT field worker because if you are a week personality person you cant manage all these things as a professional. 

*Manage problems and protect the mental health.

            When the person works in IT field , he/she has to face more convinces. Some times it may be technical issue, development process issue, social problem or  workplace issue. Usually if some one fed-up with an issue he/she will loss the mental health. They always get angry, try to ignore people, try to suicide and so many things when they can't manage the issue well. We can see this most of times from the programmers. But if an IT professional has any idea on the psychology he/she can use psychology to manage these kinds of problems easily. For the mental relaxation talk the problem with familiar friend, ignore that work for while, do another leisure activity are some suggestions for the mental relaxation. 

*Learn how to deal with customers.

           Most of times IT professionals have to deal with the people who seek a technical solution for their problems. Therefore they must have good communication skills, collaboration skills, critical thinking and many social skills. Through getting close to psychology IT people can be good listener and speaker too. 

*Can be motive to solve problems.

          If we are close to psychology skills then automatically we are close to social skills. Hence IT people are with social skills they may be a good problem solver and good professional too. 

    

*Manage the work load.

          IT people are the people who are always engage with the works and simultaneously with the stress because of the workload. They have to finish their developments on dates, must fulfill all the requirements , maintenance and  all these are the stress for people. But taking stress and react as a person who can't manage stress is not the solution for that. Manage stress and face the problems properly is the thing that the society expect from the professional. So for manage the stress we can apply psychological techniques.  

Bellow points also can point out as the benefits or the things that we can get to IT peoples lives through the psychology education. 

*Can make targets in a proper way.

*Can change behavior against threats.

*Can achieve good mental and physical development.

Finally I would like to propose you, if you are the person who works on IT field , its better to have some idea about Psychology.

Thanking you!. 

References:

Understanding Psychology-11th edition by Robert S. Feldman.

Social Psychology -8th edition by David G. Myers.

Psychology -4th edition by Robert A. Baron.

Essential of Educational psychology by S.K. Mangal.

General Psychology by S.K. Mangal.

Psychiatry -4th edition by Jhon Geddes, Jonathan Price Rebecca Mcknight

  

    

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